Rays of Rahama

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS. The chemical substances which consist of carbon are called carbon compounds. the compounds which have single bonds are called saturated compounds. Compounds of carbon with double bonds and triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds. Note: Double bond contains 1 sigma bond and 1 pie bond.            Triple bond contains 1 sigma bond and 2 pie bonds.    Ionic Bond. The electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of the atom holds the compound together with the bond called an ionic bond. Ionic bond involves the transfer of valence electrons, between a metal and a nonmetal. Ionic compounds are crystalline solids (made of ions) that possess high melting and boiling points. They conduct electricity in a solution and molten state. They are soluble in water and polar solvents.   Covalent Bond. The bond which is formed when pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms is calle...

  Akshamsaddin  (Muhammad Shams al-Din bin Hamzah,Turkish  Akşemseddin ) (1389, Damascus – 16 February 1459, Göynük, Bolu), was an influential Ottoman Sunni Muslim scholar,  Akshamsaddin was not only a Sufi but also a müderris (professor), medical scholar, and poet. His real name was Shamseddin Muhammad, He was also called Wali Al-Din Hamzah.    He was born in Damascus in 1390. His ancestry from his paternal side dates back to the first caliph Abu Bakr whose ancestry is traced back to Quraysh. He's nicknamed   "Spiritual Conqueror of Constantinople".                                               fig: 1 Akshamsaddin He studied in Aleppo and travelled to Anatolia, when he arrived in kavak in 799AH his father died when he was seven year...

  ATOM Atom is the smallest unit of matter, which consists of characteristic properties of chemical elements. It's a basic  building   block   of   chemistry.   History of Atom    The existence of atoms has been proposed since the time of early Indian and Greek philosophy in 400 BC, which was of the view that atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter. The word atom has been derived from the Greek word a-tomio which means uncuttable (or) non-divisible. Fig : 01 Structure of Atom  In modern scientific usage, the atom is composed of various Subatomic Particles. Most of the atom is empty space. The rest consists of a positively charged nucleus of Protons and Neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is small and dense compared with the electron which are the lightest charged particles in nature. Fig : 02 Dalton Theory In 1808, Dalton proposed a theory on the atom called as Atomic theory of matter. According...